Suchergebnisse

Conditions for the applicability of the dispersionless theory of long waves for reproducing dispersive tsunami waves are analyzed. As a quantitative criterion, the dispersive destruction distance is proposed for use, which is a value that is uniquely determined by the wavelength that dominates in the spectrum of the initial elevation of the water surface in the tsunami source, and the correction factor \(\alpha .\) The physical meaning of the \(\alpha \) value is the fraction of the wavelength by which the dispersive wave packet lags behind the long wave front when propagating over a distance equal to the dispersive destruction distance. Using the model residual displacement of the bottom surface, the geometrical parameters of which vary randomly, under the assumption of instantaneous generation of waves and taking into account the smoothing effect of the water layer, the Monte Carlo method establishes a relationship between the accuracy of wave reproduction by the dispersionless model and the quantity \(\alpha .\) Using the "\(\alpha \) coefficient scale", the ranking of the criteria that were previously proposed by other authors was performed.

Abstract. During the 2003 Tokachi-Oki tsunamigenic earthquake the real-time JAMSTEC observatory obtained records which provided a unique opportunity to have a look deep inside the tsunami source. Considering water column as a compressible medium we processed the bottom pressure records in order to estimate amplitude, duration and velocity of bottom displacement. Spectral analysis of the records revealed a clear manifestation of the low-frequency elastic oscillations of water column. We also presented 3-D finite-difference numerical model developed in the framework of linear potential theory of ideal compressible fluid to better understand dynamical processes in the tsunami source. The model reproduces position of the main spectral maximum rather correctly. However, due to neglecting of crust elasticity and to lack of exact knowledge of spatiotemporal laws of bottom motion, there is an essential difference between in-situ observed and computed spectra.

Abstract. The nonlinear mechanism of long gravitational surface water wave generation by high-frequency bottom oscillations in a water layer of constant depth is investigated analytically. The connection between the surface wave amplitude and the parameters of bottom oscillations and source length is investigated.

У статті було проаналізовано світовий досвід створення та функціонування бізнес-інкубаторів як інструменту інноваційної підтримки малого та середнього бізнесу. Розглянуто генезис виникнення бізнес-інкубаторів в України. На основі наукових робіт зарубіжних та вітчизняних науковців вивчено та уточнено дефініцію «бізнес-інкубатор». Досліджено класифікацію бізнес-інкубаторів та на основі аналізу розроблено та представлено класифікацію у графічному вигляді. Сформована мета роботи бізнес-інкубатору, яка полягає у визначені та вирішенні проблем розвитку малого та середнього бізнесу, що впливає на покращення економіко-соціального стану регіону та країни. Окреслено стан функціонування системи бізнес-інкубаторів на території України. Обґрунтовані проблеми розвитку бізнес-інкубаторів та розроблено пропозиції для місцевої та державної влади про подальший розвиток бізнес-інкубаторів. ; The article analyzes the global experience of creating and operating a business incubator as a tool for innovative support to small and medium-sized businesses. The genesis of emergence of business incubators in Ukraine is considered. On the basis of scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists the definition of "business incubator" has been studied and refined. business incubator is an organizational innovation structure whose purpose is to create favorable conditions for the start-up development of small and medium-sized businesses that operate in order to obtain financial autonomy and develop innovative products or services. The classification of business incubators is investigated and the classification is developed and presented graphically. The purpose of the business incubator is formed, which is to identify and solve problems of development of small and medium-sized businesses, which contributes to improving the economic and social status of the region and the country. The state of functioning of the system of business incubators on the territory of Ukraine is outlined. The problems of development of business incubators are substantiated. The main ones are the absence of a legislative base for business incubators, the absence of a clear legislative definition of the term "business incubator"; low awareness of local leaders about the opportunities of business incubators in the development of entrepreneurship in the region; low level of involvement in the creation of business incubators in universities and other scientific structures. Proposals for local and state authorities on the further development of business incubators were developed: to draft a bill or standard provisions on Business Incubator, to distinguish between business incubator from business center, technological incubator and innovation center. At the legislative level, clearly define the definition, functions and services they provide; facilitate the creation of business incubators by providing them with financial support from local executive authorities and local self-government; to develop an information and methodological base for the creation, operation and operation of a business incubator.